Thus, many researchers have been keen to study protein-based films from various protein sources such as collagen, gelatin, wheat gluten, and whey. Proteins have been extensively studied, as they exhibit valuable traits in biodegradable film production owing to their abundance, good film-forming ability, transparency, and excellent barrier properties against O 2, CO 2, and lipids. īiodegradable films are commonly made from renewable sources such as protein, carbohydrates, and lipids. Active, intelligent, along with nano technologies can work synergistically creating multipurpose food-packaging system while inferring good compatibilizing effect and performed their task as good packaging material. At present, current trends in biopolymer as food packaging has diversified the types of material which include natural agents, plant extracts, and nanomaterials. Given these considerations, an alternative way that utilizes the source of biopolymer has come into the spotlight herein solving environmental burdens and benefits of various end-of-life treatments for plastic film waste.īiodegradable films have been broadly studied for their potential in protecting food materials and act as a barrier towards moisture, gas, aromas and solute transfers, while offering advantages such as non-toxic materials and low-cost production. Despite their excellent properties, high mechanical strength, low cost of manufacturing scale, and process optimization, these materials cause significant environmental impacts in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and land and water footprints. Non-renewable resources due to the increase in energy demand are causing climate change and depletion of fossil resources since their regeneration involves the passage of many years. Issues on environmental pollution and exhaustion of natural resources have risen as these synthetic packaging materials possess non-biodegradability characteristics. The increasing concern and interest among consumers regarding health, nutritional value, food safety, and environmental problems have spurred the development of biodegradable films. The physical properties of gelatin-based film such as color, UV-Vis absorption spectra, water vapor permeability, thermal, and moisture properties are discussed along with their mechanical properties, including tensile strength and elongation at break. This paper detailed the information on gelatin-based film characterization in comparison with active and intelligent gelatin-based composite films. While, for mechanical and light barrier properties, poultry-based gelatin films have shown better properties compared to mammalian and marine gelatin films. The physical properties of gelatin-based film such as thickness, color, and biodegradability were much influenced by total solid contents in each film. Single gelatin-based film properties have been characterized in comparison with active and intelligent gelatin-based composite films. The exploitation of gelatin as one of the biopolymer packaging in the food industry has rising interest among researchers as the world becomes more concerned about environmental problems caused by petroleum-based packaging and increasing consumer demands on food safety. This review discusses the potential application of gelatin-based film as biodegradable food packaging material from various types of gelatin sources.
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